Tumor Necrosis Factor is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, natural killer cells following their stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Stimulated peripheral neutrophilic granulocytes but also unstimulated cells and also a number of transformed cell lines, astrocytes, microglial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts also secrete TNF. Human milk also contains this factor. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF-alpha while CD8(+) cells secrete little or no TNF-alpha. The synthesis of TNF-alpha is induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL-2, GM-CSF, SP, Bradykinin, immune complexes, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, and PAF (platelet activating factor). Recombinant Human TNF expressed in human 293 cells has been shown to be predominantly a non-covalently linked homotrimer, with a molecular mass of 51 kDa.
<1 EU/µg of recombinant protein as determined by the LAL method
Biological Activity Comment
The EC(50) as determined by the dose-dependent cytotoxity of the TNF alpha sensitive cell line L-929 in the presence of Actinomycin D was found to be ≤ 1 ng/mL.
A quick spin of the vial followed by reconstitution in sterile 1xPBS containing 0.1% endotoxin-free recombinant human serum albumin (HSA).
Format
Lyophilized Powder1x PBS
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Storage
The lyophilized protein is stable for at least one year from date of receipt at -70°C. Upon reconstitution, this cytokine can be stored in working aliquots at 2° - 8°C for one month, or at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.