Tumor Necrosis Factor is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, natural killer cells following their stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides although cells expressing CD8(+) secrete little or no TNF-alpha. In addition, TNF is secreted by peripheral neutrophilic granulocytes and by a number of transformed cell lines that include those of astrocytes, microglial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Human milk also contains this factor. The synthesis of TNF-alpha is induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, GM-CSF, SP, Bradykinin, Immune complexes, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and platelet activating factor. TNF-alpha shares approximately 30% homology with TNF-beta. Human TNF-alpha is a non-glycosylated protein of 17.6 kDa.
<1.0 EU/μg of recombinant protein as determined by the LAL method
Biological Activity Comment
The ED50 as determined by dose dependent proliferation of IL4 stimulated human megakaryocytic cell line was found to be ≤0.5 ng/mL
Weight
17.6 kDa
Description
A quick spin of the vial followed by reconstitution in distilled water to a concentration not less than 0.1 mg/mL. This solution can then be diluted into other buffers.
Format
Lyophilized PowderLyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS (pH 7.2)
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Storage
The lyophilized protein is stable for at least one year from date of receipt at -70°C. Upon reconstitution, this cytokine can be stored in working aliquots at 2° - 8°C for one month, or at -20°C for six months, with a carrier protein without detectable loss of activity. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.