Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production.
Formulation
1 mg/ml in 1X PBS; BSA free, sodium azide free
Host
Mouse
Immunogen Region
An N-terminal recombinant protein fragment was used as the immunogen for the TNFa antibody.
Isotype
Mouse IgM, kappa
Species Reactivity
Human
Note
Optimal dilution of the TNFa antibody should be determined by the researcher.1. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10mM Tris buffer with 1mM EDTA, pH 9, for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 min.
Uniprot
P01375
Format
Purified
Purity
PEG precipitation
Storage
Store the TNFa antibody at 2-8oC (with azide) or aliquot and store at -20oC or colder (without azide).
Applications
IF, IHC-P
Description
Immunofluorescence: 1-2ug/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-4ug/ml for 30 min at RT