Signaling from the ligand-activated membrane receptor serine/threonine kinases to nuclear targets is mediated by a set of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as DPC4. Upon ligand binding, the receptors of the TGF- family phosphorylate SMAD proteins (SMAD1 and SMAD2). These proteins then move into the nucleus, where they activate transcription. To carry out this function, the receptor activated SMAD1 and 2 require association with the product of deleted in pancreatic carcinoma, locus 4 (DPC4), also known as SMAD4. SMAD4/DPC4 is also implicated as a tumor suppressor, since it is inactivated in more than half of pancreatic carcinomas and to a lesser extent in a variety of other cancers. SMAD4 is absent in approximately 80% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but rarely in endometrial, colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast adenocarcinomas, and malignant melanom. SMAD4 is an important marker for confirming a diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinomas with SMAD4 protein expression had significantly longer survival than SMAD4 negative patients.
Formulation
1 mg/ml in 1X PBS; BSA free, sodium azide free
Host
Mouse
Immunogen Region
Recombinant full-length human protein was used as the immunogen for the SMAD4 antibody.
Isotype
Mouse IgG2a, kappa
Species Reactivity
Human
Note
Optimal dilution of the SMAD4 antibody should be determined by the researcher.
Uniprot
Q13485
Format
Purified
Purity
Protein G affinity chromatography
Storage
Store the SMAD4 antibody at 2-8oC (with azide) or aliquot and store at -20oC or colder (without azide).
Applications
IHC-P
Description
Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 1-2ug/ml for 30 minutes at RT