Anti-Histone H2A.X Antibody (HisH2AXS139-1B3) Unconjugated BHA10600058

H2A.X belongs to histone family of proteins.  Phosphorylation of H2AX is an important histone modification is a major event in response to DNA damage (1,2).  In mammalian cells, H2A.X Ser139 is phosphorylated, and is commonly referred to as γH2AX (3,4).  S139 phosphorylation occurs in all phases of the cell cycle and is involved in diverse DNA-damage response (DDR) pathways including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and replication-coupled DNA repair (5,6).  Two proteins kinase including yTel1 and yMec1 (ATM and ATR in mammals) carry out this phosphorylation (7).  Phosphorylation of H2AXS139 is one of the first events following DNA damage (8,9), and this modification spreads bi-directionally over several megabases (10, 11).  This characteristically wide distribution of γH2AX around the DNA break is thought to create specific signal transduction events for recruitment and/or retention of DNA damage repair proteins (12,13).  Once the DNA has been repaired, H2AX is removed from chromatin to facilitate dissociation of repair proteins at the double-strand break (DSB), and to allow efficient recovery from the DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest.