Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein ; Kiaa4069
Categories
Elisa
Function
Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates Ser-139 of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication (By similarity). Essential for preventing the occurrence of DNA damage during early embryogenesis.
Specificity
Natural and recombinant Mouse Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR
Subcellular Location
Nucleus Recruited to chromatin during S-phase. Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage, hypoxia or replication fork stalling.
Forms an heterodimer with ATRIP. Binds to DNA, and to UV-damaged DNA with higher affinity. Interacts with RAD17, MSH2 and HDAC2. Present in a complex containing ATRIP and RPA-coated single-stranded DNA. Present in a complex containing CHD4 and HDAC2. Interacts with EEF1E1. This interaction is enhanced by UV irradiation. Interacts with CLSPN and CEP164 (By similarity). Interacts with TELO2 AND TTI1.