Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents. Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. In order to establish such an antiviral state, TBK1 form several different complexes whose composition depends on the type of cell and cellular stimuli. Thus, several scaffolding molecules including FADD, TRADD, MAVS or SINTBAD can be recruited to the TBK1-containing-complexes. Under particular conditions, functions as a NF-kappa-B effector by phosphorylating NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha/NFKBIA, IKBKB or RELA to translocate NF-Kappa-B to the nucleus. Restricts bacterial proliferation by phosphorylating the autophagy receptor OPTN/Optineurin on 'Ser-177', thus enhancing LC3 binding affinity and antibacterial autophagy. Attenuates retroviral budding by phosphorylating the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I) subunit VPS37C. Phosphorylates and activates AKT1. Phosphorylates Borna disease virus (BDV) P protein.
Specificity
Natural and recombinant Human Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm Upon mitogen stimulation or triggering of the immune system, TBK1 is recruited to the exocyst by EXOC2.
Self-associates. Interacts with TIRAP, TANK and TRAF2. Part of a ternary complex consisting of TANK, TRAF2 and TBK1. Interacts with AZI2; this interaction mediates TBK1 activation. Interacts with GSK3B; this interaction promotes TBK1 self-association and autophosphorylation. Interacts with SIKE1; SIKE1 is associated with TBK1 under physiological condition and dissociated from TBK1 upon viral infection or TLR3 stimulation. Interacts with TICAM1/TRIF, IRF3 and DDX58/RIG-I. Interacts with CYLD. Interacts with HCV NS3, Ebola virus VP35 and Borna disease virus protein P; these interactions lead to inhibition of cellular antiviral response by blocking necessary interactions between the TBK1 and its substrates IRF3 and IRF7. Interacts with OPTN and TRAF3. Interacts with SRC. Interacts with the exocyst complex subunit SEC5/EXOC2; this interaction is sufficient to trigger TBK1 activity.