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Endosomal receptor that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed: 25297876, PubMed: 32433612). Controls host immune response against pathogens through recognition of RNA degradation products specific to microorganisms that are initially processed by RNASET2 (PubMed: 31778653). Upon binding to agonists, undergoes dimerization that brings TIR domains from the two molecules into direct contact, leading to the recruitment of TIR-containing downstream adapter MYD88 through homotypic interaction (PubMed: 23520111, PubMed: 25599397, PubMed: 26929371). In turn, the Myddosome signaling complex is formed involving IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRAF3 leading to activation of downstream transcription factors NF-kappa-B and IRF7 to induce proinflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively (PubMed: 16737960, PubMed: 17932028, PubMed: 29155428).
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