PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1, also known as CD279), is a type I transmembrane protein composed of 288 amino acids, belonging to the B7-CD28 family.PD-1 can be expressed in activated CD4+ T cells, CD8T cells, B cells, natural killer T cells, monocytes and dendritic cells.In addition, studies have shown that PD-1 is also expressed in regulatory T cells (Treg), and can promote the proliferation of Treg cells and inhibit the immune response. PD-1 is the receptor of PD-L1. After binding with PD-L1, it can recruit tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based swith motif (ITSM), and then dephosphorylate multiple key molecules in TCR signaling pathway, inhibit the proliferation and activity of CD4T and CD8T cells, and negatively regulate the immune response process of the body.
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