The NF-kappaB reporter (GFP)-HEK293 cell line is designed for monitoring the nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-kappaB) signal transduction pathways. It contains the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by four copies of NF-kappaB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or stimulants of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-kappaB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the GFP gene.
Mycoplasma testing: This cell line has been screened using the Venor GeM Mycoplasma Detection Kit, PCRBased (Sigma, #MP0025) to confirm the absence of Mycoplasma contamination.
Host Species: human
Supplied as Two vials containing ~ 1 x 10^6 cells in 1 ml of 10% DMSO in FBS.
Background
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/Rel proteins include NF-kappaB2 p52/p100, NF-kappaB1 p50/p105, c-Rel, RelA/p65, and RelB. These proteins function as dimeric transcription factors that control genes regulating a broad range of biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, stress responses, B cell development, and lymphoid organogenesis. In the classical (or canonical) pathway, NF-kappaB/Rel proteins are bound and inhibited by IkappaB proteins. Proinflammatory cytokines, LPS, growth factors, and antigen receptors activate an IKK complex (IKKbeta, IKKalpha, and NEMO), which phosphorylates IkappaB proteins. Phosphorylation of IkappaB leads to its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, freeing NF-kappaB/Rel complexes. Active NF-kappaB/Rel complexes are further activated by phosphorylation and translocated to the nucleus where they induce target gene expression. In the alternative (or noncanonical) NF-kappaB pathway, NF-kappaB2 p100/RelB complexes are inactive in the cytoplasm. Signaling through a subset of receptors, including LTbetaR, CD40, and BR3, activates the kinase NIK, which in turn activates IKKalpha complexes that phosphorylate C-terminal residues in NF-kappaB2 p100. Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB2 p100 leads to its ubiquitination and proteasomal processing to NF-kappaB2 p52, creating transcriptionally competent NF-kappaB p52/RelB complexes that translocate to the nucleus and induce target gene expression.
Application
The NF-kappaB reporter cell line is designed for screening activators and inhibitors of NF-kappaB and for monitoring NF-kappaB signaling pathway activity.
Store in liquid nitrogen immediately upon receipt. Do not store for long-term at -80°C or on dry ice.
Reference
1. Pessara U, Koch N (1990). Mol. Cell Biol.10(8):4146-4154.2. Baeuerle PA (1998). Curr. Biol. 8(1):R19-R22.3. Takada Y, Kobayashi Y, Aggarwal BB (2005). J. Biol. Chem. 280(17):17203-17212.