1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid. (1) It inhibits the growth of L. donovani promastigotes (GIC50 = 8 uM). (2)1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE serum levels are decreased in a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver injury and in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenograft model. (3) Human serum levels are also decreased immediately and 14 hours following an exercise regimen of 2.5 hours of running for three days. (1)1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE has been used as an inteal standard for the quantification of saturated lysophosphoethanolamines. (4)