Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly.
Specificity
Natural and recombinant Dog Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
Subcellular Location
Cell membrane Lipid-anchor Cytoplasmic side Melanosome Inner surface of plasma membrane possibly with attachment requiring prenylation of the C-terminal cysteine.
Interacts with the GEF proteins PREX1, RASGRF2, DOCK1, DOCK2 and DOCK7, which promote the exchange between GDP and GTP, and therefore activate it. Interacts with PARD6A, PARD6B and PARD6G in a GTP-dependent manner. Part of a quaternary complex containing PARD3, some PARD6 protein (PARD6A, PARD6B or PARD6G) and some atypical PKC protein (PRKCI or PRKCZ), which plays a central role in epithelial cell polarization. Found in a trimeric complex composed of DOCK1 and ELMO1, which plays a central role in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Interacts with RALBP1 via its effector domain. Interacts with BAIAP2, BAIAP2L1, PLXNB1, CYFIP1/SRA-1 and DEF6. Interacts with NISCH and NOXA1. Interacts with ARHGEF2. Probably found in a ternary complex composed of DSCAM, PAK1 and RAC1. Interacts with DSCAM; the interaction requires PAK1 (By similarity). Interacts with TBC1D2 (By similarity). Interacts with USP6 (By similarity). Interacts with SPATA13 (By similarity). Interacts with ARHGEF16; mediates activation of RAC1 by EPHA2. Interacts with ITGB4.