The activated kinase acts on a variety of targets. Likely to be the GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Activated by CDC42 and RAC1. Involved in dissolution of stress fibers and reorganization of focal complexes. Involved in regulation of microtubule biogenesis through phosphorylation of TBCB. Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2.Martin G.A., EMBO J. 14:1970-1978(1995).The MGC Project Team; Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).Olsen J.V., Cell 127:635-648(2006).
Host
Rabbit
Immunogen
Peptide sequence around phosphorylation site of Serine 197(T-R-S(p)-V-I) derived from Human PAK2.
Raised In
Rabbit
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Regulatory
RUO
Relevance
The activated kinase acts on a variety of targets. Likely to be the GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Activated by CDC42 and RAC1. Involved in dissolution of stress fibers and reorganization of focal complexes. Involved in regulation of microtubule biogenesis through phosphorylation of TBCB. Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2.
Martin G.A., EMBO J. 14:1970-1978(1995). The MGC Project Team; Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). Olsen J.V., Cell 127:635-648(2006).
Species
Homo Sapiens (Human)
Specificity
The antibody detects endogenous levels of PAK2 only when phosphorylated at serine 197.
Subcellular Location
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2: Cytoplasm, Note=MYO18A mediates the cellular distribution of the PAK2-ARHGEF7-GIT1 complex to the inner surface of the cell membrane, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: PAK-2p34: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, perinuclear region, Membrane, Lipid-anchor
Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation.
Pathway
ErbB signaling pathway MAPK signaling pathway Focal adhesion Regulation of actin cytoskeleton Ras signaling pathway T cell receptor signaling pathway
Protein Families
Protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family, STE20 subfamily
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitously expressed. Higher levels seen in skeletal muscle, ovary, thymus and spleen.
Buffer
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Form
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Format
liquid
Purification
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide.
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.